Vocabulary Notes (Week Six)

1. captivity (n.) [U]
     /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

    the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave 

   Animals bred in captivity would probably not survive if they were released into the wild.

2. sour (adj.)

    /saʊər/

     unfriendly or easily annoyed: Overnight, it seemed, their relationship had turned sour. 

    She gave me a sour look.

3. glutton (n.) [c]

     /ˈɡlʌt.ən/

      a person who regularly eats and drinks more than is needed 

4. gloomy (adj.)

     /ˈglu·mi/

     having or showing a lack of hope 

    Despite gloomy predictions, the stock market remains strong.

5. gullible (adj.)

     /ˈgʌl·ə·bəl/

    easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say 

   a gullible young man

     

Children's Literature (Week Six)- Charlotte's Web 2

1. Conflicts in Charlotte's Web

(1) Complication: a. Wilbur (to be or not to be)  b. escape or not  c. loneliness
(2) Climax: It dawned on Wilbur that he can do something for Charlotte.

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2. 分析Charlotte's Web 一書

(1) 情節分析

         a. 故事都會使用過去簡單式來陳述。

         b. 小豬Wilbur在無聊的時候,其實是不懂得如何和自己相處。(page 16)

         c. 小孩最害怕的事情,莫過於寂寞(lonely)和無聊(bored)。(page 16)

         d. 此書中常常會有許多重複出現的字,那些代表是重點 eg. hay; smell等。

         e. What's "play"? 書中有很多東西是需要去重新定義的。Define everything. Define   

             the word. (page 29) ---- How to define the word? Use explanation, examples, some   

             other expression, etc. (page 35) eg. How to define the friendship? kind, loyal, true to 

             friend...(page 41) How to define a spider? colour, web, bloody, where she live...(page 52)

         f. Charlotte 被塑造成一個喜歡用大字的角色。(page 35)而且身為領導者的Charlotte, 是

            比較沉穩,懂得指派對的人去做對的事,並且用了許多手段(利誘與威脅等)。(page 52)

         g. Temple-太陽穴,而故事中的Templeton就被設定為是聰明的人(角色)。

         h. 整本小說其實有點在讚美上帝"生萬物"的一個概念。(page 40)

(2) 如何唸?

      唸故事時,名詞重,動詞重,重複的字要重。長母音的話在句末可以拉長拍子 eg. hay。

      (page 13)

(3) 文法與句型

         a. I feel bored.(情緒動詞修飾人用-ed,修飾事物用-ing) eg. I'm interested in 

             interesting music.(page 16)

         b. couldn't help but Vr / couldn't help V-ing (page 3)

         c. 過去完成式不會單獨使用

         d. It is worth + N. (page 23)

         e. I don't mind.(我不介意) I don't care.(我不在乎)--比較rude (page 23)

         f. I spend my time (in) V-ing

         g. 有禮貌的問句用May...開頭。May I have your name? (page 37)

         h. goose - geese; upset - upset - upset (v.) eg. You upset me.

(4) 佳句值得深省

         a. No man is a island.

         b. You should be responsible for what you chose. --Fern (page 16) 

         c. Make best out of you. 做最好的自己 (page 24)

         d. rotten to the core 爛到骨子裡 (page 47) *rotten 也可為一般說話的語助詞。

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3. Vocabulary and Phrases

(1) 擬聲字: "oozy" 悶悶的,溫溫的 ; splash 噴水 ; drip and drop

(2) brook- little river

(3) cry- a. shed tears b. scream loudly

(4) tapping the pail: pail = barrel 桶子

(5) captivity: 抓住

(6) appeal to 及物

(7) slop: 餿水

(8) lane: 巷子;小道 eg. change the lane

(9) whiskers: 鬍鬚

(10) sourly: 勢利眼的樣子

(11) 同意字: fun, frolic, merry---開心的

(12) glutton: 貪吃(n.) -- glut 貪吃的(adj.)

(13) salute: 致敬 eg. salute to the flag--- salutation- greeting somebody with politeness

(14) address: 稱呼 eg. How can I address you?
(15) flashy: 閃亮的,璀璨的

(16) near-sighted: 近視的

(17) thin voice----類似野口低沉的聲音

(18) gloomily: 悲涼的;淒涼的

(19) fierce: 吃(人)

(20) burst into tear

(21) throw to the ground- 像是"這不是肯德基"那樣的丟坐在地上

(22) briskly: 堅定的(聲音)

(23) vague: 模糊的

(24) gullible: 容易被騙的

(25) "some" pig ---好一隻豬 *some 代表讚嘆"好一個...."的意思

(26) clever of somebody

(27) smell of

Vocabulary Notes (Week Four)

1. mock (v.)
    /mɒk/
     to laugh at someone, often by copying them in a funny but unkind way 
    They were mocking him because he kept falling off his bike. 

2. respective (adj.)
    /rɪˈspek.tɪv/

     relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned 

    Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our respective     

    classes.

3. Holy Grail (n.)

    /ˌhəʊ.liˈɡreɪl/

   a cup believed to have been used by Jesus Christ at the meal before his deathReligious objects      / something that is extremely difficult to find or get 

  Sustained nuclear fusion is the holy grail of the power industry.

4. encounter (v.)

    /ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/

    to meet someone unexpectedly 

   On their way home they encountered a woman selling flowers.

5. idealize (v.)

    /aɪˈdɪə.laɪz/

    to think of or represent someone or something as better than they are 

    Why do people idealize their school days?

Children's Literature (Week Four)- Charlotte's Web 1

1. Watching and Discussing Winnie-the-Pooh Video Tape
(1) What's the point of the video?  a. borrowing  b. darkness  c. bad habit(s)
-----How do you deal with difficulty when you encountered(= coped with) something bad?
(2) 從中可以看出小熊維尼的個性是傾向於無為而治的型態,反觀跳跳虎(Tigger) 是稍微
     膽小懦弱,而兔子(Rabbit)則是帶有一些急躁激進的個性。
(3) Toy fantasy 最重要的就是setting (setting, plot, theme為三大要點)
(4) 名言佳句: a. As long as we did... b. put yourself in somebody's shoes

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2. Fantasy

(1) Fantasy is a genre of fiction that commonly uses magic, other supernatural phenomena, and 

     some imaginative creatures as a primary plot element, theme, or setting.

* setting-- time+place

(2) Example 1:

     Arthurian cycle (legendary king- Arthur) 和 Knights of the round table (sir Lancelot) 此兩者故

     事中的國度 Camelot 就是一個大同世界與美好想像的國度(imaginated kingdom)。

* Sir Lancelot 還有給人 a.服從 b.保護女性 c. belief 的意象。

(3) Example 2: 

     在 Don Quixote中, 利用嘲諷(mock)的方式,在說明一個idealized master (Don Quixote)與一

     位 practical accompany (Sancho Panza)兩人的故事。Don Quixote就是一種非理性追求的

　呈現(癡迷之子),而Sancho Panza則是一個扮演理性角色的農夫(理性代表)。

* 嘲諷(mock)類的小說在中世紀時是很氾濫的。

* The Lord of Ring 的故事也是如此(過度理想的主人-Frodo, 實際的僕人-Sam)。

Don Quixote

(4) 奇幻作家:

     a. Ursula Le Guin  (曾得過法國Hugo Award) master piece- Earthsea

                                 

  

     b.  C.S Lewis master piece- The Chronicles of Narnia

                                           

     c.  J.R.R Tolkein master piece- The Lord of the Ring

                                  

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3. E.B. White 人道主義者

It is not often that someone comes along who is true friend and a good writer.--from Charlotte's Web

    

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4. Vocabulary and Phrases

(1) mock: 嘲笑;嘲諷 (+at)

(2) courtly love- was secret and between members of nobility (erotic desire)

(3) respective: 個別的(=individual)

(4) Last Supper: 最後晚餐 (用supper的原因是最後晚餐不是盛宴,所以不能用feast)

(5) grail: 杯子 (Holy grail 聖杯)

Vocabulary Notes (Week Three)

1. suggest (v.)

     /səˈdʒest/

     to mention an idea, possible plan, or action for other people to consider 

    They were wondering where to hold the office party and I suggested the Italian restaurant near 

    the station.

2. provoke (v.)

     /prəˈvoʊk/

     to try to make a person or an animal angry or annoyed 

    He was trying to provoke me into a fight.

3. contented (adj.)

    /kənˈten.tɪd/ 

     happy and satisfied

    He won't be contented until he's upset everyone in the office.

4. come off (phr. Verb)

    /kʌm/

     to happen as planned or to succeed 

    There was some sort of property deal that didn't come off.

5. dandy (n.) [C]

    /ˈdæn.di/

     a man, especially in the past, who dressed in expensive, fashionable clothes and was very 

    interested in his own appearance 

    an upper-class dandy

Children's Literature (Week Three)- Winnie-the-Pooh

Define what it is. What is that for? Why should we care?

1. Introduction

(1) Winnie-the-Pooh 源於當初倫敦所進口的一隻來自Winnipeg省的熊。

(2) 作者: A.A. Milne

(3) 故事中會出現一些兒童容易以拼音所誤拚的單字 eg. "aker"(--acre) ; "hunny"(--honey)

(4) 故事中配合兒童腦容量,也會出現一些簡化的小名 eg. "Kanga"(--Kangaroo)

(5) 故事中會出現一些擬聲字(Onomatopoeia) eg. Eeyore

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2. Onomatopoeia

(1) Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates or suggests the source of the sound 
      that it describes.

(2) Examples- 

         a. 由擬聲字形成的名詞: drip 小水滴; drop 大水滴; frog 青蛙(叫); rush 火速; 
             mumble (=murmur) 喃喃自語。

         b. 純粹表達聲音: meow 貓叫; chirp 鳥叫; boo 鬼嚇人; quack 鴨子叫; 
             sizzle滋滋作響; oink 驢子叫; rumble 肚子咕咕叫 。

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3. 故事情節圖 (Conflicts)

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4.  課堂提及的其他範例故事

(1) 安徒生,好用一些階級無法跨越的題材與故事,安慰一些處於弱勢的小孩 

     eg. "The Little Mermaid" and "Ugly Duckling"

the Little Mermaid

(2) 從"The Princess And the Pea" 故事中講解文法-- 過去進行式不單獨使用

     eg. In the morning, she was asked how she had sleep.

(3) 由多個故事中看到的驚嘆句,取代較不禮貌的 Oh my god!

     eg. "Heaven only knows!" and " Good gracious!"

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5. Vocabulary and Phrase

(1) suggest- a. reveal in a hidden(reserve) way b. give advice

(2) come off: 掉下來

(3) provoked: 生氣的 *vok與voc的字根意思與唸音都相同

(4) bounce: a. 彈跳 b. 頭髮有彈性

(5) malt: 單一純麥

(6) bussy: 焦躁激進的

(7) thistles: 薊 (一種食物)

(8) be contented with: 滿足.....

(9) vine 葡萄藤

(10) dandy: 花花公子 *補充於John Denver-- Today 歌中
* I'll be a dandy, and I'll be a rover.
   You'll know who I am by the songs that I sing.
   I'll feast at your table, I'll sleep in your clover.
   Who cares what the morrow shall bring.

Vocabulary Notes (Week One)

1. juvenile (adj.)
    /ˈdʒu·vəˌnɑɪl/
    of, by, or for a young person who is not yet an adult 
  He studied both adult and juvenile crime.

2. confirmation (n.) [U]
    /ˌkɑn·fərˈmeɪ·ʃən/
    a statement of proof that something is true 
   We will be sending you confirmation of your registration.

3. puberty (n.) [U]
    /ˈpju·bər·t̬i/
     is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body 
    
4. obscure (adj.)
     /əbˈskjʊr/
     not known to many people 
    an obscure 18th-century painter

5. obscene (adj.)
     offensive, rude, or shocking, usually because of being too obviously related to sex or showing    
    sex 
    He was jailed for making obscene phone calls.
     

Children's Literature (Week One) -Children’s literature

1. Children's Literature: It can be broadly defined as anything that children read or more specifically defined as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama intended for and used by children and young people. Including,
(1) picture books- Books includes lots of pictures.
(2) fairy tales- Fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, mermaids, or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments.
(3) fables- Fable is a succinct fictional story that features animals or inanimate objects which are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson.
(4) nursery ryhmes-Nursery rhyme is used for traditional poems and songs for young children.
(5) fantasy- Fantasy is a genre of fiction that commonly uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary plot element, theme, or setting.

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2.  兒童文學的補充
(1)文學(literature)-包含 poetry, drama, fiction, etc.
(2)兒童文學起源- picture books +解說 eg. characters, plots, theme, and point of view
(3)兒童文學的常見主題- friendship, leadership, and companionship 並且加上勵志,目 
     的是幫助孩子發現天分(gift)。 eg. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

(4) 當我們閱讀兒童文學時,可以運用幾個題目帶出議題- What is that? What is that for? Why 

      should we care?

(5) 中西差異比較:

     中國- 中國的兒童文學是啟蒙(童蒙)書(Didacticism),是具有教訓意味的。

     西方- 兒童文學是屬於有趣型,以好玩為主。但從1400AD以後,會附加上moral and 

                religious message。

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3.  對於nursery rhymes的補充

(1) Mother Goose is a imagery author of collection of fairy tales and nursery rhymes.

(2) My Fair Lady 中也有出現歌曲 eg. London Bridge is falling down.....

* fair--代表London Tower 中所關政治犯的地方。

(3) Nursery rhyme is a kind of oral tradition that adults shared with children before a publishing 

     exist.  

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4. Vocabulary

(1) juvenile: 12-18的青少年

(2) re-juvenile: 回春術

(3) confirmation: a. = insure  b. 堅信儀式(基督教中的)

(4) puberty- is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult

      body: 青春期

(5) anthropomorphized- given human qualities such as verbal communication: 賦予人形

     的 eg. 由Beatrix Potter 自畫自寫的 Peter Rabbit

(6) obscure: a.模糊  b.籍籍無名 c.晦澀難懂

*"obs-"字首的字通常是負面的 eg. obcene(淫穢); obstacle(障礙); obesity(肥胖)